Montana Fiscal Statistics

StatisNostics/State Financials/Montana

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20122023

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State Revenue Analysis (Montana: 2012–2023)

Population: 1,005,163 → 1,104,271 (9.9% change)

Overall Revenue Trends

Total Revenue▲ 72.1%

$6,366,040,000 (2012)→$10,958,100,000 (2023)

Per Capita Revenue▲ 56.7%

$6,333 (2012)→$9,923 (2023)

Fund Balances▼ 100%

$7,823,707,000 (2012)→$0 (2023)

Revenue Volatility✓ Low

Avg. fluctuation: 6.2%

Major Tax Revenue

Property Tax▲ 51.2%

$257,189,000 (2012)→$388,902,000 (2023)

Utility Revenue

Growth Analysis

Fastest Growing Revenue Sources

Local Intergovernmental Education▲ 6910.0%

$10,000→$701,000

Federal Intergovernmental Air Transportation▲ 3059.3%

$199,000→$6,287,000

Air Transportation Charges▲ 1134.9%

$43,000→$531,000

Declining/Slowest Growing Sources

Local Intergovernmental Public Welfare▼ 74.5%

$7,133,000→$1,821,000

Federal Intergovernmental Employment Security Administration▼ 72.7%

$106,650,000→$29,077,000

Public Utility License Tax▼ 50.0%

$10,000→$5,000

Revenue Forecast

Projected Revenue (Next Year)▲ 2.6%

Estimated: $11,238,260,771

Based on 3-year revenue trend

Revenue Composition

2012 Revenue Breakdown

Individual Income Tax14.1%

Federal Intergovernmental Public Welfare12.6%

Federal Intergovernmental Highways8.2%

Federal Intergovernmental Health & Hospitals6.7%

Federal Intergovernmental Education5.0%

Interest Earnings4.8%

Severance Tax4.8%

Higher Education Tuition Charges4.7%

Property Tax4.0%

Motor Fuels Sales Tax3.3%

Unemployment - Contribution2.5%

Workers Compensation - Other Contributions2.4%

Federal Intergovernmental Other2.3%

Motor Vehicle License2.2%

Corporation Net Income Tax2.1%

Federal Intergovernmental Employment Security Administration1.7%

Occupation & Business License Not Elsewhere Classified1.6%

Tobacco Sales Tax1.4%

Higher Education Auxiliary Charges1.3%

Liquor Stores Revenue1.2%

Miscellaneous General Revenue Not Elsewhere Classified1.2%

Insurance Premium Tax1.1%

Royalties1.0%

Donations From Private Sources1.0%

Federal Intergovernmental Housing & Community Development0.9%

Amusement Tax0.8%

Workers Compensation - Interest Earnings0.8%

Public Utilities Tax0.8%

All Other Not Elsewhere Classified Charges0.7%

Federal Intergovernmental Other Natural Resources0.7%

Hunting & Fishing License0.7%

Other Selective Sales Taxes0.6%

Alcoholic Beverage Sales Tax0.5%

Net Lottery Revenue0.3%

Fines & Forfeits0.2%

Federal Intergovernmental Water Utilities0.2%

Natural Resources Not Elsewhere Classified Charges0.2%

Rents0.2%

Federal Intergovernmental Transit Utilities0.2%

Other License Tax0.2%

Motor Vehicle Operators License0.1%

Local Intergovernmental Public Welfare0.1%

Other In Trust - Other Contributions0.1%

Amusement License Tax0.1%

Taxes Not Elsewhere Classified0.1%

Unemployment - Interest Revenue0.1%

Corporation License Tax0.1%

Sale of Property0.0%

Federal Intergovernmental Sewerage0.0%

Alcoholic Beverage License Tax0.0%

Hospital Charges0.0%

Parks & Recreation Charges0.0%

Education Other State Charges Not Elsewhere Classified0.0%

Housing & Community Development Charges0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Transit Utilities0.0%

Federal Intergovernmental Air Transportation0.0%

Air Transportation Charges0.0%

Regular Highway Charges0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Other0.0%

Parimutuels Tax0.0%

Public Utility License Tax0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Education0.0%

Other In Trust - Interest Revenue0.0%

Death & Gift Tax0.0%

2023 Revenue Breakdown

Individual Income Tax20.9%

Federal Intergovernmental Public Welfare20.3%

Federal Intergovernmental Health & Hospitals8.8%

Federal Intergovernmental Highways5.4%

Federal Intergovernmental Education4.3%

Higher Education Tuition Charges3.6%

Property Tax3.5%

Corporation Net Income Tax2.8%

Motor Fuels Sales Tax2.6%

Severance Tax2.6%

Federal Intergovernmental Other2.4%

Motor Vehicle License1.8%

Interest Earnings1.8%

Occupation & Business License Not Elsewhere Classified1.7%

Other Selective Sales Taxes1.6%

Insurance Premium Tax1.5%

Unemployment - Contribution1.4%

Liquor Stores Revenue1.4%

Workers Compensation - Other Contributions1.2%

Higher Education Auxiliary Charges1.1%

Donations From Private Sources0.9%

Federal Intergovernmental Other Natural Resources0.8%

Hunting & Fishing License0.8%

Miscellaneous General Revenue Not Elsewhere Classified0.7%

Amusement Tax0.7%

Royalties0.7%

Tobacco Sales Tax0.6%

Federal Intergovernmental Housing & Community Development0.6%

Natural Resources Not Elsewhere Classified Charges0.5%

Alcoholic Beverage Sales Tax0.4%

All Other Not Elsewhere Classified Charges0.4%

Public Utilities Tax0.4%

Workers Compensation - Interest Earnings0.3%

Net Lottery Revenue0.3%

Federal Intergovernmental Employment Security Administration0.3%

Other License Tax0.1%

Motor Vehicle Operators License0.1%

Sale of Property0.1%

Fines & Forfeits0.1%

Unemployment - Interest Revenue0.1%

Alcoholic Beverage License Tax0.1%

Taxes Not Elsewhere Classified0.1%

Corporation License Tax0.1%

Federal Intergovernmental Air Transportation0.1%

Federal Intergovernmental Sewerage0.0%

Amusement License Tax0.0%

Housing & Community Development Charges0.0%

Parks & Recreation Charges0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Public Welfare0.0%

Education Other State Charges Not Elsewhere Classified0.0%

Hospital Charges0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Education0.0%

Air Transportation Charges0.0%

Regular Highway Charges0.0%

Local Intergovernmental Other0.0%

Public Utility License Tax0.0%

Key Insights

1Total revenue increased by 72.1% from 2012 to 2023, representing a significant change in the state's financial position.
2Population changed by 9.9%, while per-capita revenue changed by 56.7%.
3The state's fund balances decreased by 100%, suggesting financial challenges or major capital expenditures.

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State Expense Analysis (Montana: 2012 - 2023)

Total Expenditure Trends

Operating Expenditures▲ 158%

$2,538,909,000→$6,545,164,000

Per Capita Spending▲ 135%

$2,526→$5,927

Population Trends

Population Change▲ 9.9%

1,005,163 (2012)→1,104,271 (2023)

⚠️ Spending growth significantly outpacing population growth

Public Safety Expenses

Police Protection▲ 21%

$60,900,000 (2012)→$73,908,000 (2023)

Fire Protection▼ 0%

$0 (2012)→$0 (2023)

Infrastructure Expenses

Highways Maintenance▲ 20%

$346,707,000 (2012)→$415,957,000 (2023)

Sewerage Operations▼ 0%

$0 (2012)→$0 (2023)

Administrative Expenses

Financial Administration▲ 80%

$148,442,000 (2012)→$267,536,000 (2023)

General Expenses▲ 10%

$131,740,000 (2012)→$145,262,000 (2023)

Montana Key Insights

1Per capita expenditures grew by 135%, indicating substantial service expansion or cost increases not explained by population growth alone
2Financial Administration was the fastest growing major expense category at 80% increase

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State Debt Analysis (2012-2023)

Debt Trends

Total Long-Term Debt▲ 339%

$671,628,000 (2012)→$2,951,176,000 (2023)

Industrial Revenue Debt▼ 100%

$3,323,413,000 (2012)→$0 (2023)

Per Capita Debt▲ 300%

$668 (2012)→$2,673 (2023)

Population Trends

Population Change▲ 9.9%

1,005,163 (2012)→1,104,271 (2023)

Debt Management

Most Recent Year (2023)

Issued:$117,537,000

Retired:$280,849,000

Net Change:$-163,312,000

Debt Retirement Trend

$90,636,000 → $280,849,000▲ 210%

🔄 Significant change in retirement strategy detected

Key Insights

1The sharp increase in unspecified long-term debt suggests major capital projects or financial restructuring.
2There appears to be a significant shift in debt management strategy between 2012-2023, with a move toward higher debt levels.